| Abbreviations,
Acronyms and Definitions |
| ABS |
American
Bureau of Shipping. ABS is a ship classification society involved with establishing
and administering standards and rules for marine vessels and structures. |
| AEx |
A marking prefix
for apparatus complying with one or more types of explosion protection techniques
for installation in accordance with Article 505 of the NEC. |
| ANSI |
American
National Standards Institute |
| API |
American
Petroleum Institute |
| Associated
Apparatus |
Electrical apparatus
in which there are both intrinsically safe circuits and non-intrinsically
safe circuits that can affect the safety of intrinsically safe circuits.
|
| ATEX |
Abr.
Directive 94/9/EC Equipment and protective systems intended for use in potentially
explosive atmospheres |
| BASEEFA |
British
Approvals Service for Electrical Equipment in Flammable Atmospheres |
| BSI |
British
Standards Institution |
| CEC |
Canadian
Electric Code |
| CEN |
European
Committee for Standardization |
| CENELEC |
European
Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization |
| CEPEL |
Centro
de Pesquisas de Energia Eletrica (Brazil) |
| CFR |
Code
of Federal Regulations |
| Cold
Flow |
Certain types of cable employ materials which can exhibit
"cold flow" characteristics which could have adverse effects
on the protection of the apparatus. Where such cable is used, a suitable
cable entry device should be employed, for example cable entry devices
not employing compression seals which act upon the part(s) of the cable
having "cold flow" characteristics."Cold
flow" can be more fully described as thermoplastic materials which
flow when subjected to pressure at ambient temperature.
|
| CSA |
Canadian
Standards Association |
| DNV |
Det
Norske Veritas |
| EECS |
Electrical
Equipment Certification Service (UK) |
| EEx |
A marking prefix
for apparatus complying with one or more types of explosion protection techniques
in accordance with CENELEC standards. |
| Explosionproof |
A
term used to describe equipment that is capable of withstanding an explosion
of a specified gas or vapour that may occur within it and preventing the
ignition of a specified gas or vapour surrounding it. |
| Flameproof |
A
type of protection of electrical apparatus in which the enclosure will withstand
an internal explosion of a flammable mixture which has penetrated into the
interior, without suffering damage and without causing ignition, through
any joints or structural openings in the enclosure, of an external explosive
atmosphere consisting of one or more of gases or vapours for which it is
designed. |
| Flammable
(explosive) limits |
The
range between the lower LFL/LEL and upper UFL/UEL flammable limit percentages
by volume of concentration of gas in a gas-air mixture that will form an
ignitable mixture. |
| Flashpoint |
The minimum temperature
at which a liquid gives off vapour in sufficient concentration to form an
ignitable mixture with air. |
| FM |
Factory
Mutual Research Corporation (USA) |
| Hazardous Area |
Locations where fire
or explosion hazards may exist due to the presence of flammable gases, vapours,
mists, ignitable fibres or dusts. |
| IADC |
International
Association of Drilling Contractors |
| IEC |
International
Electrotechnical Commission |
| IECEx |
The
aim of the IECEx Scheme is to facilitate international trade in electrical
equipment intended for use in potentially explosive atmospheres by eliminating
the need for multiple national certificates. |
| Ignition
(Auto-ignition) temperature (AIT) |
The
minimum temperature required to initiate or cause self-sustained combustion
of a solid, liquid or gas. |
| IMO |
International
Maritime Organization |
| Impervious
sheathed cable |
Cable
constructed with an impervious metallic or non-metallic overall covering
that prevents the entrance of gases, moisture or vapours into the insulated
conductor or cable. |
| Increased
Safety |
A
type of protection applied to electrical apparatus that does not produce
arcs or sparks in normal service and under specified abnormal conditions,
in which additional measures are applied so as to give increased security
against the possibility of excessive temperatures and of the occurrence
of arcs and sparks. |
| INMETRO |
Instituto
Nacional de Metrologia, Normalizacao Qualidade Industrial (Brazil) |
| Intrinsically
Safe Circuit |
A
circuit in which no spark or thermal effect produced in the test conditions
prescribed in IEC 60079-11 (which include normal operation and specified
fault conditions) is capable of causing ignition of a given explosive gas
atmosphere. |
| Intrinsically
Safe Apparatus |
Electrical
apparatus in which all the circuits are intrinsically safe. |
| Intrinsically
Safe System. |
An
assembly of interconnected items of apparatus which may comprise intrinsically
safe apparatus, associated apparatus and other apparatus, and interconnecting
cables in which the circuits within those parts of the system that may be
exposed to explosive gas atmospheres are intrinsically safe circuits. |
| IP |
A
system of rating standard levels of Ingress Protection provided by the apparatus. |
| ISA |
The
International Society for Measurement and Control (formerly Instrument Society
of America) |
| ISO |
International
Organisation for Standardisation |
| ITS |
Intertek
Testing Services |
| Lloyd's
Register |
Lloyd's
Register is a ship classification society and independent technical inspection
organisation |
| Marine
shipboard cable |
Impervious
sheathed armored or non-armored cable constructed in accordance with UL
1309/CSA C22.2 No. 245, except that an overall impervious sheath is required
over the armoured construction, and listed as ''Shipboard Cable, Marine''
by a Nationally Recognized Testing Laboratory (NRTL) |
| Maximum
Experimental Safe Gap (MESG) |
The
maximum clearance between two parallel metal surfaces that has been found,
under specified test conditions, to prevent an explosion from being propagated. |
| Minimum
Ignition Energy |
The
smallest amount of energy that can ignite the most easily ignitable mixture
of a specific gas or vapour in-air mixture or dust in-air mixture. |
| Maximum
Surface Temperature |
The
highest temperature of a surface accessible to a flammable mixture under
conditions of operation and within the ratings of the equipment. |
| MC
cable |
Metal-clad
cable as defined by NEC article 334. |
| MC-HL
cable |
Metal-clad
cable for hazardous locations as defined in UL 2225. |
| NEC |
National
Electric Code® (ANSI/NFPA 70). |
| NEMA |
National
Electrical Manufacturers Association |
| NFPA |
National
Fire Protection Association |
| NRTL |
Nationally
Recognized Testing Laboratory |
| OSHA |
Occupational
Safety & Health Administration. U.S. Department of Labor.
A National Recognised Test Laboratory (NRTL) determines that the specific
products meet the relevant safety standards as required by OSHA and that
the products are safe for use in the US workplace. National Recognised
Test Laboratories (NRTL's) include CSA, FMRC and UL.
|
| Potentially
Explosive Atmosphere |
A
mixture with air, under atmospheric conditions, of flammable substances
in the form of a gas, vapour, mist or dust in which, after ignition, combustion
spreads through the unconsumed mixture. |
| SOLAS |
Safety
Of Life At Sea |
| SCS |
SIRA
Certification Service (UK) |
| Ta
/ Tamb |
Ambient
Temperature. Unless the equipment is marked otherwise, it has been investigated
only for use under normal atmospheric conditions in an ambient temperature
within the range -20 to + 40 Deg. C (IEC, CENELEC) and -25 to + 40 Deg.
C (NEC). When the equipment is designed for use in a different temperature
range, the ambient temperature range shall then be stated by the manufacturer
and the marking shall include either the symbol TA or Tamb together with
the special range of ambient temperatures (IEC,CENELEC). |
| T code/Temperature
class |
The
temperature identification number represents the maximum surface temperature
of any part of the apparatus that may come in contact with the flammable
atmosphere. Unless the equipment is marked otherwise, it has been investigated
only for use under normal atmospheric conditions in an ambient temperature
within the range -20 to + 40 Deg. C (IEC, CENELEC) and -25 to + 40 deg.
C (NEC). When the equipment is designed for use in a different temperature
range, the ambient temperature range shall then be stated by the manufacturer
and the marking shall include either the symbol TA or Tamb together with
the special range of ambient temperatures (IEC, CENELEC). |
| UL |
Underwriters
Laboratories Inc.® (USA) |
| USCG |
United
States Coast Guard |
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